Python调用WinAPI(利用Python调用Windows)

本文将介绍如何使用Python调用WinAPI,并从多个方面进行详细阐述。

一、WinAPI简介

WinAPI,全称Windows Application Programming Interface,是Windows系统提供给开发者的一组函数和数据结构,用于开发Windows应用程序。WinAPI是C/C++语言编写的,但是Python也可以通过ctypes库实现调用这些API。

二、ctypes库简介

ctypes库是Python自带的一种外部库,可以用于调用动态链接库(DLL)中的C函数。对于一些特殊的操作,比如调用WinAPI,可以使用ctypes库编写Python代码来完成。


import ctypes

三、调用WinAPI

1.创建窗口

下面代码演示了如何创建一个Windows窗口,并设置相应的风格、标题、位置和大小。


import ctypes

# 定义回调函数类型
WNDPROC = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_long, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_ulong, ctypes.c_long)

# 获取窗口句柄
GetForegroundWindow = ctypes.windll.user32.GetForegroundWindow

# 定义窗口过程
def WindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam):
    if message == 0x02:
        print("The window was closed.")
        ctypes.windll.user32.PostQuitMessage(0)
    else:
        return ctypes.windll.user32.DefWindowProcW(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam)

# 注册窗口类
WNDCLASSEX = ctypes.c_size_t * 22
wndClass = WNDCLASSEX()

wndClass[0] = 0x0042
wndClass[1] = WNDPROC(WindowProc)
wndClass[2] = 0
wndClass[3] = 0
wndClass[4] = 0
wndClass[5] = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleW(None)
wndClass[6] = ctypes.windll.user32.LoadIconW(0, 32512)
wndClass[7] = ctypes.windll.user32.LoadCursorW(0, 32512)
wndClass[8] = 0
wndClass[9] = ctypes.windll.user32.CreateSolidBrush(0x00FFD7CE)
wndClass[10] = 0
wndClass[11] = 0
wndClass[12] = ctypes.c_int(0x60000)  # CS_DBLCLKS | CS_PARENTDC
wndClass[13] = 0
wndClass[14] = 0
wndClass[15] = 0
wndClass[16] = 0
wndClass[17] = 0
wndClass[18] = ctypes.c_wchar_p("Python Application")
wndClass[19] = 0
wndClass[20] = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleW(None)
wndClass[21] = 0

wc = ctypes.windll.user32.RegisterClassExW(ctypes.byref(wndClass))

# 创建窗口
hWnd = ctypes.windll.user32.CreateWindowExW(
    0,
    ctypes.c_wchar_p(wc),
    ctypes.c_wchar_p("Python Application"),
    0x00CF0000,  # WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU
    0, 0, 200, 200,
    None, None, wndClass[5], None
)

ctypes.windll.user32.SetForegroundWindow(hWnd)

# 显示窗口
ctypes.windll.user32.ShowWindow(hWnd, ctypes.c_int(5))
ctypes.windll.user32.UpdateWindow(hWnd)

# 进入消息循环
msg = ctypes.wintypes.MSG()
while ctypes.windll.user32.GetMessageW(ctypes.byref(msg), hWnd, 0, 0) > 0:
    ctypes.windll.user32.TranslateMessage(ctypes.byref(msg))
    ctypes.windll.user32.DispatchMessageW(ctypes.byref(msg))

2.截屏

下面代码演示了如何使用WinAPI对Windows进行截屏,并将截屏结果保存到文件中。


import ctypes

# 加载user32.dll和gdi32.dll
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
gdi32 = ctypes.windll.gdi32

# 获取屏幕DC
hdc_screen = user32.GetDC(None)
width = user32.GetSystemMetrics(0)
height = user32.GetSystemMetrics(1)

# 创建一个与屏幕DC初始相同的DC,并创建一个兼容位图
hdc = gdi32.CreateCompatibleDC(hdc_screen)
hBitmap = gdi32.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc_screen, width, height)
gdi32.SelectObject(hdc, hBitmap)

# 将屏幕DC拷贝到新的DC中
gdi32.BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, width, height, hdc_screen, 0, 0, 0x00CC0020)

# 保存截屏结果到文件
bitmap = ctypes.windll.gdi32.GetObjectW(hBitmap, ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.windll.gdi32.BITMAP))
bitmap_data = ctypes.create_string_buffer(bitmap.bmWidthBytes * bitmap.bmHeight)
gdi32.GetBitmapBits(hBitmap, bitmap.bmWidthBytes * bitmap.bmHeight, bitmap_data)
with open("screenshot.bmp", "wb") as f:
    f.write(b"BM")
    f.write((54 + bitmap.bmWidthBytes * bitmap.bmHeight).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little'))
    f.write(b"x00x00")
    f.write(b"x00x00")
    f.write((54).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little'))
    f.write((40).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little'))
    f.write((bitmap.bmWidth).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little'))
    f.write((bitmap.bmHeight).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little'))
    f.write((1).to_bytes(2, byteorder='little'))
    f.write((bitmap.bmBitsPixel).to_bytes(2, byteorder='little'))
    f.write(b"x00x00x00x00")
    f.write((bitmap.bmWidthBytes * bitmap.bmHeight).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little'))
    f.write(b"x00x00x00x00")
    f.write(bitmap_data)

# 释放资源
user32.ReleaseDC(None, hdc_screen)
gdi32.DeleteDC(hdc)
gdi32.DeleteObject(hBitmap)

3.弹出消息框

下面代码演示了如何使用WinAPI弹出消息框,并根据用户的选择返回相应的结果。


import ctypes

# 弹出消息框
result = ctypes.windll.user32.MessageBoxW(None, "Hello World!", "Python Application", 0x00000001 | 0x00000040)

# 根据用户的选择返回相应的结果
if result == 1:
    print("The user clicked OK.")
else:
    print("The user clicked Cancel.")

四、总结

本文介绍了如何使用Python调用WinAPI,并通过示例代码讲解了创建窗口、截屏和弹出消息框等操作。通过使用WinAPI,我们可以实现一些基于Windows系统底层的操作,为我们的程序增加更多的功能。

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