智商是怎么测得
智力商数销和，简称智商，是通过一系列标准测试测量人在其年龄段的认知能力（“智力”）的得分。由法国的比奈 (Alfred Binet，1857年-1911年) 和他的学生所发明，他根据伍野这套测验的结果，将一般人的平均智商定为100，而腔斗喊正常人的智商，根据这套测验，大多在85到115之间。
另外还有这个英文的，不好意思不会翻译阿。。
Structure
IQ tests come in many forms, and some tests use a single type of item or question, while others use several different subtests. Most tests yield both an overall score and individual subtest scores.
A typical IQ test requires the test subject to solve a fair number of problems in a set time under supervision. Most IQ tests include items from various domains, such as short-term memory, verbal knowledge, spatial visualization, and perceptual speed. Some tests have a total time limit, others have a time limit for each group of problems, and there are a few untimed, unsupervised tests, typically geared to measuring high intelligence. The most widely used standardized test for determining IQ is the WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition)[citation needed]. The WAIS-III consists of fourteen subtests, seven verbal (Information, Comprehension, Arithmetic, Similarities, Vocabulary, Digit Span, and Letter-Number Sequencing) and seven performance (Digit Symbol-Coding, Picture Completion, Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, Picture Arrangement, Symbol Search, and Object Assembly).
[edit] Scoring
When standardizing an IQ test, a representative sample of the population is tested using each test question. IQ tests are calibrated in such a way as to yield a normal distribution, or "bell curve". Each IQ test, however, is designed and valid only for a certain IQ range. Because so few people score in the extreme ranges, IQ tests usually cannot accurately measure very low and very high IQs.
Various IQ tests measure a standard deviation with a different number of points. Thus, when an IQ score is stated, the standard deviation used should also be stated.
When an individual has scores that do not correlate with each other, there is a good reason to suspect a learning disability or other cause for this lack of correlation. Tests have been chosen for inclusion because they display the ability to use this method to predict later difficulties in learning.
An individual's IQ score may or may not be stable over the course of the individual's lifetime.[13]
[edit] IQ and general intelligence factor
Main article: General intelligence factor
Modern IQ tests produce scores for different areas (e.g., language fluency, three-dimensional thinking), with the summary score calculated from subtest scores. The average score, according to the bell curve, is 100. Individual subtest scores tend to correlate with one another, even when seemingly disparate in content.
Mathematical analysis of individuals' scores on the subtests of a single IQ test or the scores from a variety of different IQ tests (e.g., Stanford-Binet, WISC-R, Raven's Progressive Matrices, Cattell Culture Fair III, Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test, Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, and others) find that they can be described mathematically as measuring a single common factor and various factors that are specific to each test. This kind of factor analysis has led to the theory that underlying these disparate cognitive tasks is a single factor, termed the general intelligence factor (or g), that corresponds with the common-sense concept of intelligence.[14] In the normal population, g and IQ are roughly 90% correlated and are often used interchangeably.
Tests differ in their g-loading, which is the degree to which the test score reflects g rather than a specific skill or "group factor" (such as verbal ability, spatial visualization, or mathematical reasoning). g-loading and validity have been observed to be related in the sense that most IQ tests derive their validity mostly or entirely from the degree to which they measure g.[citation needed]
[edit] Mental handicaps
Main article: Mental retardation
Individuals with an unusually low IQ score, varying from about 70 ("Educable Mentally Retarded") to as low as 20 (usually caused by a neurological condition), are considered to have developmental difficulties. However, there is no true IQ-based classification for developmental disabilities. But newer studies have proved that even though the perception of mental retardation in current social settings is of or tests as lower intelligence, some patients do show advanced abilities in terms of emotions, spatial abilities,cognitive and memory. Aside from current Savants and patients with Aspergers many children with Down Syndrome show a more introverted state of emotion but yet show uncanny ability between ethical and moral dilemmas.